How to Pray

Learn how to pray and to pray well.

The Two Primary Modes of Prayer

Prayer takes two primary forms: vocal prayer and mental prayer. Vocal prayer is spoken aloud or whispered, using set words — whether traditional prayers like the Our Father or words of your own. Mental prayer, by contrast, is interior: it involves the mind and heart turned toward God in meditation, affective conversation, or silent contemplation, without necessarily speaking aloud. Vocal prayer gives form and rhythm to devotion; mental prayer draws the soul into deeper union with God.

Concerning Vocal Prayer

Kneel, with hands folded, and head bowed. Speak at the tempo of a relaxed conversation — not rushed — in a respectful manner. Pronounce each word attentively, mindful of its meaning, for prayer is not merely speech but an offering of the heart. Whether reciting traditional prayers or speaking in your own words, maintain reverence, as though addressing God truly present before you. Avoid distractions, and when they arise, gently return your attention to the words you are saying. Let your posture, tone, and intention reflect humility and devotion.

Concerning Mental Prayer

Sit in a private place with a book suited for meditation in hand, such as Sacred Scripture or the writings of the saints. Begin by placing yourself in the presence of God. Read slowly, pausing often to reflect on what is read. Consider how the passage applies to your life, and speak to God interiorly about what arises in your thoughts. Listen in silence as well, allowing space for God to move your heart. Do not rush; remain as long as you are able, even if words fail you. Mental prayer is not about many thoughts, but about loving attention to God.

Why How We Pray Matters

The ancient principle lex orandi, lex credendi — the law of prayer is the law of belief — teaches that how we pray shapes what we believe. This is true not only for the Church at large but for each soul. The manner in which we approach God gradually forms our interior disposition toward Him. A person who prays carelessly will, over time, begin to think carelessly about God; a person who prays with reverence will grow in reverence.

This is why even the smallest details of prayer deserve attention. When we kneel, we express and reinforce humility. When we fold our hands and bow our heads, we acknowledge in our very bodies the greatness of God. These postures are not mere customs — they are acts of faith. The body has its own language, and in prayer, that language either confirms or contradicts what the heart intends to say. To pray well in body and soul together is to offer God a more complete and honest worship.